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Exceptional polynomials

This page gives examples of exceptional polynomials according to the definition in my paper Distance to the discriminant. They are all homogeneous polynomials in three variables and therefore their zero locus are algebraic curves in the projective plane. These polynomials maximize the distance to the discriminant for the Bombieri norm, among polynomials of the same norm. As a consequence (see the paper), they can all be written as sums of powers of linear forms in the directions which correspond to critical points of the polynomial on the unit sphere with the minimum absolute critical value.

This page presents two kinds of polynomials: exact ones and numerical approximations. The former are normalized to be at distance one to the discriminant, while the latter are normalized to have Bombieri norm 1. In both cases, we give two expressions:

We provide images of the zero locus curves that can be zoomed and dragged. The curve is projected onto a disc shown in light grey using the stereographic projection x , y , z x 1 + z , y 1 + z of the hemisphere z > 0 . We also highlight with a cross the critical points with the least critical absolute value on the unit sphere. These are the directions of the linear forms in the expression as a sum of linear forms to the power d.

Table of curves (see the lexicon below for explanation of the remarks)

Degree Topology Remark Nb. of
forms
dist ( P , Δ ) P P P 1 PGood

Lexicon

M curve
Algebraic curve with the maximum number of connected components for its degree: M = ( d - 1 ) ( d - 2 ) 2 + 1 .
M-k curve
Algebraic curve with M - k connected components (k below the maximum).
EM-k curve
Extremal M-k curve: no extra oval can be added without changing the relative position of the existing ovals or increasing the degree.
LM-k curve
Extremal M-k curve: no extra oval can be added locally without changing the relative position of the existing ovals. Locally means that the transformation is a deformation in the space of polynomials with the same degree using only one singular point which is not an isolated point of the curve.
Harnacks's M-curve
Refers to the 1876 construction of Harnack [Harnack 1876] reaching the maximum for any degree.
Hilberts's M-curve
Refers to the 1891 construction of Hilbert [Hilbert 1891] reaching the maximum with nests containing many ovals. The construction also gives the two EM-2 sextic curves presented on this page.
Gudkov's M-curve
Refers to the 1960s construction of Gudkov [Gudkov 1974] for the last missing sextic M-curve.

Bibliography

  1. A. Harnack
    “Über die Vieltheiligkeit der ebenen algebraischen Curven”
    Mathematische Annalen, 10 (1876), 189–199.
  2. D. Hilbert
    “Ueber die reellen Züge algebraischer Curven”
    Mathematische Annalen, 38 (1891), 115–138.
  3. D. A. Gudkov
    “The topology of real projective algebraic varieties”
    Russian Mathematical Surveys, 29 (1974), 3–79. (Earlier version exists in russian)

Degree 2 to 5

Degree 2, ⟨1⟩ (M curve) 🟢

P = x2+y2-z2 = x2+y2-z2 P = 3 P-P1 = 0 dist(P,Δ) = 1±0

Degree 3, ⟨J ∐ 1⟩ (M curve) 🟢

P = z-3x2-3y2+z2 = 5z33--3x+z36-3x+z36--3y+z36-3y+z36 P = 7 P-P1 = 0 dist(P,Δ) = 1±0

Degree 4, ⟨4⟩ (M curve) 🟢

P = -x+y+zx-y+zx+y-z6x+6y+6z-x2+y2+z22 = -13x-y43-13x+y43-13x-z43-13x+z43-13y-z43-13y+z43+31x-y-z412+31x-y+z412+31x+y-z412+31x+y+z412 P = 197 P-P1 = 0 dist(P,Δ) = 1±0

Degree 4, ⟨3⟩ (M-1 curve) 🟢

P = -x+y+zx-y+zx+y-z2x+2y+2z+x2+y2+z22 = -3x4-3y4-3z4+x-y42+x+y42+x-z42+x+z42+y-z42+y+z42 P = 21 P-P1 = 0 dist(P,Δ) = 1±0

Degree 5, ⟨𝐽 ∐ 6⟩ (Harnack's M-curve) 🟢

P = -0.00106873415699291x5+0.0298190870015163x4y+0.0298190870015163x4z-0.0965192797742039x3y2+0.53131622091545x3yz-0.0965192797742039x3z2-0.0965192797742039x2y3-3.08382139247772x2y2z-3.08382139247772x2yz2-0.0965192797742039x2z3+0.0298190870015163xy4+0.53131622091545xy3z-3.08382139247772xy2z2+0.53131622091545xyz3+0.0298190870015163xz4-0.00106873415699291y5+0.0298190870015163y4z-0.0965192797742039y3z2-0.0965192797742039y2z3+0.0298190870015163yz4-0.00106873415699291z5 19.0067688827383566386-x+0.060149842239871802922y-0.403906402377617521231z5-4.10506254927064870458-x+0.151988408912245202572y-z5+19.0067688827383566386-0.403906402377617521231x-y+0.060149842239871802922z5+19.0067688827383566386-0.403906402377617521231x+0.060149842239871802922y-z5+4.10506254927064870458-0.151988408912245202572x+y+z5-19.0067688827383566386-0.060149842239871802922x+0.403906402377617521231y+z5-19.0067688827383566386-0.060149842239871802922x+y+0.403906402377617521231z5-11.2705241276892411097-0.0407005400461146206818x-0.0407005400461146206818y+z5+11.27052412768924110970.0407005400461146206818x-y+0.0407005400461146206818z5+41.4816247609779069610.0740590551607518339134x+0.0740590551607518339134y+z5+41.4816247609779069610.0740590551607518339134x+y+0.0740590551607518339134z5-11.2705241276892411097x-0.0407005400461146206818y-0.0407005400461146206818z5+41.481624760977906961x+0.0740590551607518339134y+0.0740590551607518339134z5-19.0067688827383566386x+0.403906402377617521231y-0.060149842239871802922z5+4.10506254927064870458x+y-0.151988408912245202572z5 P = 1.0 P-P1 = 6.59982960231662876817·10-18 dist(P,Δ) = 0.0024915028190241140454±2.1·10-18

Degree 5, ⟨𝐽 ∐ 5⟩ (M-1 curve) 🟢

P = 0.138282576385407x5+1.60664479990138·10-74x4y+0.587838979474442x4z-1.38282576385407x3y2-3.45958159975304·10-74x3yz-2.46107002700762·10-16x3z2+1.47505838426774·10-74x2y3+1.17567795894888x2y2z-3.70217191641533·10-75x2yz2-1.09348571906146x2z3+0.691412881927033xy4-2.47113823740793·10-74xy3z-2.46107002700755·10-16xy2z2+2.7937426435764·10-74xyz3+2.09231774897847·10-16xz4-4.55162698598173·10-75y5+0.587838979474442y4z+2.22806310010669·10-75y3z2-1.09348571906146y2z3+2.12423438761526·10-75yz4+0.520200768721775z5 -0.29605504806173057544-x-0.72654252800536085922y-0.53504137204818599689z5-0.71454566055256360844-0.91062288684363371968x-3.607937568104080216·10-75y-z5+0.62348654107263842188-0.8606112651663603633x-0.62527068422385940514y-z5+0.62348654107263842188-0.8606112651663603633x+0.62527068422385940514y-z5+0.71454566055256397067-0.73670939092327428073x-0.53525070328668537012y+z5-0.66085414860515297247-0.32491969623290630207x-y+0.98842629975056749903z5-0.66085414860515297247-0.32491969623290630207x+y+0.98842629975056749903z5-0.71454566055256373042-0.28139794750145754851x-0.86605383042014205249y-z5+0.714545660552563730420.28139794750145754851x-0.86605383042014205249y+z5-0.664684995936653778350.32491969623290631514x-y-0.45513337563457402094z5-0.664684995936653778350.32491969623290631514x+y-0.45513337563457402094z5-0.714545660552563970670.73670939092327428073x-0.53525070328668537012y-z5+0.29605504806173057544x-0.72654252800536085922y+0.53504137204818599689z5+0.84932516656440315741x+6.8750384056112487783·10-75y-0.94004927325528403985z5-0.85424854497517219184x+8.1446624204447317375·10-75y-0.43285756268067151253z5 P = 1.0 P-P1 = 1.2899195370252784891·10-16 dist(P,Δ) = 0.023035530697453850865±2.0·10-17

Degree 6

M curve

Degree 6, ⟨9 ∐ 1⟨1⟩⟩ (Harnack's M-curve) 🟢

P = 9.61142335107702·10-5x6+3.94443008515037·10-10x5y+2.67267233665759·10-10x5z+1.89115375851639x4y2+2.58331622515706x4yz+0.875510022522388x4z2+2.66999394915689·10-10x3y3-6.20517332800208·10-10x3y2z-2.05949268851703·10-9x3yz2-9.31641981873725·10-10x3z3-1.26028860154197x2y4+1.7222108157218x2y3z+1.75102004537569x2y2z2-1.04016485661514x2yz3-0.646445147783245x2z4-1.32826799302121·10-10xy5+6.55961777153812·10-10xy4z-3.68042052082951·10-10xy3z2-9.32752465572185·10-10xy2z3+3.18455509933182·10-10xyz4+1.98003078320781·10-10xz5+0.210192271668139y6-0.861105408365832y5z+0.875510021681553y4z2+0.346721619732493y3z3-0.646445147562636y2z4-1.37166228257369·10-10yz5+9.61142335107702·10-5z6 66.93686669425698903529-x-0.8218932677946685127487y+0.6112970526059105521734z6+29.83886372938646615504-x-0.5773502693407670262029y+0.7755416011207467205052z6-161.4834524074586203881-x-0.5773502693198680564291y+0.6680498092570660452873z6+211.9380952162161431169-x-0.3755455622667985054818y+0.5044618876121104498163z6+364.9834573493371747307-x-2.669008966417179101189·10-13y+1.530793450735262160484·10-10z6-310.3206708905372230308-x+0.1794164579134390463943y-0.2584626453433536742282z6-161.483452605925767409-x+0.5773502692010713005547y-0.6680498088140657390602z6+29.83886377195106663602-x+0.577350269202969934971y-0.7755416006302053481315z6-67.92753763377424356878-0.844215781348180053884x-y+0.3329343390973398906134z6+70.72915848987851912085-1.025471157509130158372·10-10x-y-0.6716387282567188091039z6-382.7755909860688652925-8.829686423469717273501·10-11x-y-0.5785481058127065480823z6+3.1833702276806626993571.530793450735540212018·10-10x-1.060454037763545767665·10-10y+z6+290.23761992057814214980.1658457998032896828955x-y-0.478708252551350989984z6+290.23761992073230845340.1658457999493018905309x+y+0.4787082525005334776673z6-236.50042264724359801780.3605824654230248522674x-y-0.2704337660992902758391z6-236.50042264751672701110.3605824655052172933009x+y+0.2704337659888427675485z6+153.97739606939559200180.5773502691892671343616x+y+1.766848541306840039539·10-11z6+153.97739606911086567690.5773502691899788700535x-y-1.94429287584244143221·10-10z6-67.927537633590576786740.8442157814510250374912x-y+0.332934338839025927607z6+66.93686676959816746622x-0.8218932676399535888585y+0.6112970521850770384516z6+211.9380954128682341349x-0.3755455622081881381574y+0.5044618872279388184746z6-310.3206707430237639868x+0.1794164579281873606829y-0.2584626456699894184131z6 P = 1.0 P-P1 = 3.701534591526215018437·10-16 dist(P,Δ) = 0.00009611423351077027294014±4.4·10-17

Degree 6, ⟨5 ∐ 1⟨5⟩⟩ (Gudkov's M curve) 🟢

P = -0.00132990000822424y6-0.0616200461333061y50.707106781186547524400844362105x-0.707106781186547524400844362105z+0.00104567643964428y50.707106781186547524400844362105x+0.707106781186547524400844362105z+0.0423766780436503y40.707106781186547524400844362105x-0.707106781186547524400844362105z0.707106781186547524400844362105x+0.707106781186547524400844362105z-0.00223803203245656265329976974954y4x-z2+0.000244121531585367849579923382741y4x+z2+0.0285392824519227691903999755141y30.707106781186547524400844362105x-0.707106781186547524400844362105zx+z2-0.12925458496204814129448834592y30.707106781186547524400844362105x+0.707106781186547524400844362105zx-z2+0.000389754482938959525133847046016y3x-z3+0.000124842074475882852056131479617y3x+z3+0.0124919547764453464109096998163y20.707106781186547524400844362105x-0.707106781186547524400844362105zx+z3-0.00354416617249992576772138111049y20.707106781186547524400844362105x+0.707106781186547524400844362105zx-z3+0.00000242636930582478404659543119726y2x-z4+0.394230632890865184680961874619y2x-z2x+z2+0.00000440611823967971157599027992591y2x+z4+0.000427153819177914190023670482077y0.707106781186547524400844362105x-0.707106781186547524400844362105zx+z4+0.000189092943319493398627445523985y0.707106781186547524400844362105x+0.707106781186547524400844362105zx-z4-0.000000247042452224817412433703003204yx-z5-0.0165983876059155323147168928308yx-z3x+z2+0.172673791645410065331194659611yx-z2x+z3-0.0000000363005780728571624794169484397yx+z5-0.000001660471942840434456797327164610.707106781186547524400844362105x-0.707106781186547524400844362105zx+z5+0.00002253644368881751918447571242240.707106781186547524400844362105x+0.707106781186547524400844362105zx-z5-0.0000000161812343280988403633336293434x-z6-0.00515590206634466020202411939977x-z4x+z2+0.546067270146320171697595924343x-z3x+z3+0.00518676318548150563914056476733x-z2x+z4+6.84766574026006639940924253017·10-11x+z6 -167462140.321176701583652489132-x-0.0841817828027667998013392961308y+0.997485287857214101376916696201z6+55055739.9501972194156296177312-x+0.114364481107367551732842941469y-0.996212862730053857147131461678z6-8280847.7360865321364889243944-0.981637388246154630186503873753x-0.608825284266300590089525078996y-z6-70142245.4512914168820429031835-0.979707711316297963576049017957x-0.253739208032426041478352424778y+z6+1862150.55171690285025281278593-0.97900135498655133776371225856x-0.696336260628075677058575824432y-z6+38643974.7174452970042259593978-0.959486200702161240283936700576x-0.351627944323446397268378043049y+z6-16838923.7252090821141439953013-0.937663269997385300680537406413x-0.437809661375089231717735299376y+z6+4147402.57405932621001633301867-0.920482049980398491352772998286x-0.497097510591201133054486160271y+z6+21347925.56522209178144095912140.985538655028765658353322541713x+0.48252183183334366208273910617y+z6-43159828.91949935731143154038310.990012953172638185336852294883x+0.337758659905169118211280524351y+z6+111921653.0187604147259900863730.994346300208977238119674610775x+0.160049406947371112625592154293y-z6+74322732.02039058536170098778280.99438795537665266811902468899x+0.193089178153952863624172832055y+z6-113859450.9162179185693334953530.998242726986911135550978449745x+0.0641542699349463333893876386532y+z6-24090665.934844113584111080236x-0.146840460784293085682587852068y+0.992610038479574302394103475322z6+97398696.9951930851082333271693x-0.127664630869451728516467679197y+0.994391918381327075311969256048z6-223256453.985527753571557141228x-0.0988875479900851276194391345382y+0.996313881033065652189556837229z6+162547806.184808119971082792091x-0.0361740380194784057704085566612y+0.998602810810778317617163788778z6+26165484.2858941698483452614031x-0.00254821474123598904155948467865y-0.99464857619524777621020267677z6-105380059.313954612248478721823x+0.0130316203394396028769926166129y-0.994109953477023694216423270649z6-59617163.0160084518612508197032x+0.0242030510843510414704556666324y-0.993232004268181654090580090746z6+238909354.144697984766328907855x+0.0358420066614339162037169348755y-0.994282639841816167146782195051z6 P = 1.00000000000000015344142921732 P-P1 = 1.56879735402602020685295966417·10-16 dist(P,Δ) = 7.38323798474677818443979735078·10-11±8.0·10-21

Degree 6, ⟨1 ∐ 1⟨9⟩⟩ (Hilbert's M curve) 🟢

P = -0.463676008413115x6+1.26390330377364·10-8x5y-4.63257086820353·10-7x5z-0.650659383368547x4y2+0.262615746075259x4yz+1.46209055277665x4z2-8.65065554707418·10-9x3y3-4.63703003390089·10-7x3y2z+1.38303903248024·10-7x3yz2+9.72574226759599·10-7x3z3-0.117427822291915x2y4+0.704813684540312x2y3z+1.66715542428863x2y2z2-0.445952509119675x2yz3-1.52545873396788x2z4-1.60444576368352·10-8xy5-7.21090619761633·10-8xy4z+2.24607818138239·10-7xy3z2+5.80365292711414·10-7xy2z3-1.2530094535893·10-7xyz4-5.06804485221378·10-7xz5+0.0855830564465105y6+0.405460169459421y5z+0.407757382820572y4z2-0.600021803746839y3z3-0.994311051098061y2z4+0.186036994408672yz5+0.527208683439629z6 1850555.33531871767872576778-0.987851014885905556112132088x-0.106139848843755440937596419y+z6-2374262.60452713702992949187-0.980532959723679492697858044x-0.260438506345591706450492045y+z6+574945.970085544882459069942-0.977062516154462552470284354x+0.30143858863936072045498432y-z6+1019052.94417849084735622131-0.967090225033569233549743316x+0.327324104803203692374806041y-z6-1494724.01187274258520413641-0.956483498679631273516771421x-0.132187301948753472369365336y-z6-251102.793085081304267999897-0.954196444521114759678632058x+0.368561915919026973492572624y-z6+1250246.14653578283951981878-0.848183630165365173823307262x+0.411728060938907547077948515y+z6-1080725.46149209752927984505-0.643485826161730270419067755x+0.675414091581846399692258685y+z6-1080726.14787067089074780741-0.643485624785716935678759652x-0.675413990329890005506787027y-z6+976119.653393515255634480123-0.349228101934146883553936377x-0.865220308762646925545633402y-z6-940224.5353108949769978537160.0000000606365882411177047991768419x-0.934658609081793445505550325y-z6-5257.98474576545719547991010.0000000686626322520361584348302571x+y-0.553685855372668448014504131z6+5465.534530579653440654695680.0000000690898645192630566318318138x+y-0.558880262824078914522898743z6+976119.3169427389730137193220.349228246480645719652314676x-0.865220374617217823073663835y-z6+1250247.193169699944344071250.848183366367290820176171714x+0.411727964268361509828039234y+z6-251102.5566028647204869557120.954196775835579215055329061x+0.36856192964203889893423908y-z6-1494722.600805735863482377090.956483807555469958027849788x-0.132187366980091253029061461y-z6+1019051.971491990737694976420.967090558515994396613033063x+0.327324112151395466322696239y-z6+574945.4156404688838482052880.977062851629009230847908183x+0.301438591902903056612236266y-z6-2374264.902264382296883271370.980532625027766375790344971x-0.260438509683555456262138873y+z6+1850557.139594602272016310550.987850684956087150871777874x-0.106139877279932824579427874y+z6 P = 1.0 P-P1 = 6.98840116117683748992644576·10-17 dist(P,Δ) = 5.82146442783478375870245282·10-9±2.6·10-17

M-1 curve

Degree 6, ⟨10⟩ V1 (LM-1 curve) 🟢

This is a M-1 curve, but locally extremal. It is in the same rigid isotopy class than the next one (see the next one for more details).

P = -x2+y2+z23+2-xφ+2+z5+3+1φxφ+2+z5+3+1φx5+3+1φ-yφ+2x5+3+1φ+yφ+2y5+3+1φ-zφ+2y5+3+1φ+zφ+2-3φ+23+35+3+1φ333φ+23+35+3+1φ33 = 127-φx+zφ630+127φx+zφ630+127-φy+xφ630+127φy+xφ630+127-φz+yφ630+127φz+yφ630+127x-y-z630+127x-y+z630+127x+y-z630+127x+y+z630-21920-73515x61+56+y61+56+z61+56+-φx-yφ+1+z6+-φx+yφ+1+z6+φx-yφ+1+z6+φx+yφ+1+z6+-φy+x-zφ+16+-φy+x+zφ+16+φy+x-zφ+16+φy+x+zφ+16+-φz-xφ+1+y6+-φz+xφ+1+y6+φz-xφ+1+y6+φz+xφ+1+y6 P = 2311 P-P1 = 0 dist(P,Δ) = 1±0

Degree 6, ⟨10⟩ V2 (LM-1 curve) 🟢

This is a M-1 curve, but locally extremal. It is in the same rigid isotopy class than the previous one. It is probably not a local maxima of the distance to the discriminant, because a small random pertubation leads the optimisation process to the previous curve. A path where the 4 critical points inside the triangles are not moving is possible. Here is a video of the transition:

P = 1458-4x29-4y29+5z29-4x29+5y29-4z295x29-4y29-4z29+x2+y2+z23 = -92362x2-2y263-92362x2+2y263-92362x2-2z263-92362x2+2z263-92362y2-2z263-92362y2+2z263+15255x3-2y3-2z364+15255x3-2y3+2z364+15255x3+2y3-2z364+15255x3+2y3+2z364+152552x3-2y3-z364+152552x3-2y3+z364+152552x3-y3-2z364+152552x3-y3+2z364+152552x3+y3-2z364+152552x3+y3+2z364+152552x3+2y3-z364+152552x3+2y3+z364-67443x3-3y3-3z36-67443x3-3y3+3z36-67443x3+3y3-3z36-67443x3+3y3+3z36 P = 91213 P-P1 = 0 dist(P,Δ) = 1±0

Degree 6, ⟨8 ∐ 1⟨1⟩⟩ ( M-1 curve) 🟢

P = -0.000106347928803112x6+0.0254351539332643x5y+0.0140123171058973x5z+1.86633907684415x4y2+2.39459691774544x4yz+0.781339376354797x4z2+0.0162196871056121x3y3-0.481304454833255x3y2z-0.128745899946072x3yz2+0.16086792752555x3z3-1.22431337100098x2y4+1.90072675265439x2y3z+1.86339176459758x2y2z2-0.905123855944642x2yz3-0.638406023963338x2z4-0.00905330090553513xy5+0.183693651882951xy4z-0.389919067353814xy3z2+0.160867524385695xy2z3-0.0539878330316615xyz4-0.305774248490535xz5+0.200956514088202y6-0.885439723544508y5z+0.930664332902469y4z2+0.425951644026074y3z3-0.60703517629456y2z4-0.176575020499063yz5-0.0583581799181141z6 -13.49427104058058400279-x-0.8864734619601845292679y+0.7488679138564983081543z6+3.773434414522096225715-x-0.4341110379859453838344y+0.9757186983822281284177z6-56.00395911781829076896-x-0.3335352834482230659119y+0.5907539734656744261243z6-87.13047451903487283607-x+0.4903198306921383510721y-0.5640890893962866821744z6+33.41670029617187317796-x+0.7594635966847908299074y-0.5492826772403722717766z6-25.47512631689678129823-0.8710707915004480898342x+y-0.32185438504325247025z6+62.20912096869476213731-0.5773371095808022246397x+y+0.0000482675153022197407249z6-32.74650874704860611611-0.57137509561169846768x-0.3299243137022147262858y+z6+113.1731947340172407319-0.2698019358150217516801x-y-0.3549976166502567471852z6+124.8783985615405750237-0.1265670827923300938173x+y+0.4410134085517008923327z6+29.920180187023168659-0.05998285817681178358633x-y-0.6235056244070192504964z6-163.9795826710232855150.06787252995202668553274x+y+0.5077351831183688470966z6-99.228941311229690568420.3431659460313159320406x-y-0.2566763743318841259878z6+21.082141364541850106530.3819394187779207980435x+0.2205560675875185904179y-z6-69.023477142832329758260.5015239759088414793044x+y+0.08853359583251880433371z6+27.802421579845688225440.76850760832297883072x+y-0.2832020556073931499606z6+3.2557936319388264349880.8977305915882028707153x+0.6651816129989601698294y-z6+15.48500267557354486693x-0.5001106248538337174235y+0.6957723622959460195584z6+113.8102315950355714082x-0.2661410325480309665194y+0.3546045983507451986781z6-133.9138371082498468374x-0.0588257069952612443029y+0.0792290167206917781562z6+106.1956712493591847924x+0.1324056831200719436415y-0.2265448171445526397571z6+21.54461172743200138537x+0.5773793626114741467479y-0.8753927026771764098507z6 P = 1.0 P-P1 = 9.843902382321646750079·10-17 dist(P,Δ) = 0.000292319017125182931889±4.6·10-17

Degree 6, ⟨5 ∐ 1⟨4⟩⟩ (M-1 curve) 🟢

P = -0.0116095915095109y6-0.0218349191022255y50.707106781186547524400844362105x-0.707106781186547524400844362105z+0.262021012623916y50.707106781186547524400844362105x+0.707106781186547524400844362105z-0.640030727882121y40.707106781186547524400844362105x-0.707106781186547524400844362105z0.707106781186547524400844362105x+0.707106781186547524400844362105z+0.228317001353184306777777123898y4x-z2-0.287326162550341102086548517036y4x+z2+0.474457898523348575725577802587y30.707106781186547524400844362105x-0.707106781186547524400844362105zx+z2-0.16287326072949959154811949702y30.707106781186547524400844362105x+0.707106781186547524400844362105zx-z2-0.318938274231448723219062902338y3x-z3-0.214128176667383344695114078597y3x+z3-0.287877793226545596214945418345y20.707106781186547524400844362105x-0.707106781186547524400844362105zx+z3+0.12996131001541402374907991765y20.707106781186547524400844362105x+0.707106781186547524400844362105zx-z3+0.00095574150254287663919239292909y2x-z4-0.341704375640636826005902548786y2x-z2x+z2+0.355356220489455920663601773413y2x+z4+0.209473267546922359283456671619y0.707106781186547524400844362105x-0.707106781186547524400844362105zx+z4-0.0248656229816706687840710543469y0.707106781186547524400844362105x+0.707106781186547524400844362105zx-z4+0.0476837545485906587067951512813yx-z5-0.193615106314295143153490900016yx-z3x+z2+0.0583671584980486517846979558651yx-z2x+z3-0.0572560734797863349641612352968yx+z5-0.01555100050980316168637523767560.707106781186547524400844362105x-0.707106781186547524400844362105zx+z5-0.009797245061062070077910555960860.707106781186547524400844362105x+0.707106781186547524400844362105zx-z5+0.0630566117569658773911456250971x-z6-0.177466271583034684855562090888x-z4x+z2+0.0170353267992079983328412851051x-z3x+z3+0.15797880011669801492146802957x-z2x+z4-0.043480439811159385388172893272x+z6 3029.05796445619340208013157484-x-0.237085230038854841213800806609y-0.147048017072966490539576761739z6+28807.3868089462858835402240536-x-0.0353924164496377861920924541438y-0.0698076846905757575242939223155z6+76692.8777977406120652758089295-x+0.156417919064914279592255088498y-0.0262631703536262017348042726158z6-38823.3965289419453338842310933-x+0.218993477282843444183354935137y-0.0395375396801437497744556086214z6+15433.1881224692964932342293084-x+0.282762446301578387294113459388y-0.0664981234186415992396215978495z6-3524.72513269380896721155585974-x+0.331015860780695811796690870161y-0.094056853912076907194872903089z6-7552.44984336411499938436152773-0.248754596845103367812087299681x-0.777415596270804515563454455642y+z6-37872.7996045856675267842959559-0.0789970905505745991257561769915x-0.158130712545122523212095492515y+z6+26798.1713635653524390835930818-0.00957022252839425818626577491572x-0.257203892692341401288884511546y-z6-66308.4752135414341645273269108-0.00775187619126081546562283195729x-0.190038248538256121387950339659y-z6-6230.65480864369476412213609515-0.0023208871314435694859075668058x-0.302531636637744240284690651573y-z6+15772.76902242162336437187007080.0232687097873560290649216527018x+0.226835170595233229407216312969y+z6+53460.99321683170307964511930320.0241895232674251996431071923563x-0.0506009013953990779255872921439y-z6+20296.27496002534692724992746240.153232537522690683612309197637x+0.428595222201734021905600385839y-z6+4654.812928159646471037380.27520171035908223056663478212x+y-0.505135269374291384946115140328z6-14728.81648970606113286610.286944475809479266946850005529x+y-0.57890612027651467910410141844z6+4584.196205469706635560690.288426263758134217988762254075x+y-0.506021889187568217501630455468z6+7029.758198380942773276520.300050838735315221340496313686x+y-0.813421263582712094510010972703z6-18729.8784247754192476928507358x-0.1663120810506045931370813421y+0.0138984359502482859078617064659z6-50283.1184993329729669191591134x-0.0737354862953895856751101087098y+0.0393448183306186763747991016544z6-12601.4266838305248651769661287x+0.14833055327769509509528641532y+0.110431815308108436778705628755z6 P = 1.00000000000000005374383481261 P-P1 = 8.61150001610586011346072823592·10-17 dist(P,Δ) = 0.00000148930335241601295817243077877±2.6·10-17

Degree 6, ⟨4 ∐ 1⟨5⟩⟩ (M-1 curve) 🔴

P = 0.54545792261561x6+0.163478488475309x5y-0.019960905743059x5z+0.376152642688739x4y2-0.181759629577558x4yz-1.63632758519634x4z2-0.0981961246892561x3y3-0.0729695797078391x3y2z-0.324522334015374x3yz2+0.0399353430133078x3z3+0.000478660666325454x2y4-0.22413649345713x2y3z-0.766243512794597x2y2z2+0.359050782559892x2yz3+1.63645915117095x2z4-0.0665796116970206xy5-0.0488513800080948xy4z+0.0961456180429968xy3z2+0.0728102830398332xy2z3+0.161067582296572xyz4-0.0199747348677223xz5-0.00552008870228949y6-0.0719627935779878y5z-0.0395215576061384y4z2+0.21925999604176y3z3+0.390528682567556y2z4-0.177294209697579yz5-0.545589614341794z6 158472.65873753654664603427-x-0.027322160123195567913518614y-0.99914965506842697353872344z6-40373.326610418192161757399-x+0.0097946521820098429250011883y-0.99150755003883086933419391z6-70136.668463826096477663969-x+0.043966035910689921490189858y-0.99764402266782067406568179z6+82696.030196455869904697854-x+0.12205297633407684065208657y+0.98989827955107926384848236z6+7348.3641125227619533378533-x+0.36891304587635463527947784y+0.96981123133940867319631555z6+17307.505323796639700568634-0.99843529578688813700649476x+0.092444996366039772389985775y-z6+37015.162348294725930761034-0.99378507693433360879185062x+0.026626094747297697070213592y+z6-51530.534299459849920324789-0.96953193999545607610792276x-0.38740910639181663706014891y+z6+22566.728701026919707404781-0.94889685149583297530549615x-0.62542130573684235952460756y+z6-53519.791294578721715730247-0.80640816218665352871182494x-0.6690472769941880354774501y-z6+30625.147426939265142185503-0.63906460387777082519219623x-0.95149891673507744999030355y-z6-47454.926257237805915583397-0.34849213030269753527735392x-y-0.82977459023746870467320942z6-17848.4455646109973550369230.018455935308515100628740675x-y-0.67869296081093559371435121z6+47058.1884626450453761288780.12731637697584991834475963x+y+0.72097618113586223784079692z6+1475.14089044167393048480090.88466308494418709629797531x+y-0.96634095863928884263325078z6+82694.0362319435224862055440.91625411290235961747312553x+0.40016936292835381438564457y+z6-7119.07507642710049829234670.92953245654586689995183537x+0.84976669624995661625202936y-z6-116661.301238133295853067730.97676583740482090810185137x+0.17590881359190208732899691y+z6+96272.4634114741064901873090.98646601152133238662809893x+0.1665357714865653521964444y-z6-153032.730348835794736325710.99731818302281644703920066x+0.00054101407794298766551083892y-z6-33624.467783464144516230948x-0.25307203399730905118618923y-0.97716258877766731525524394z6 P = 1.0 P-P1 = 0.86296246035754733338819352 dist(P,Δ) = 3.6400494955296569522542647·10-8±1.2·10-8

Degree 6, ⟨1 ∐ 1⟨8⟩⟩ (M-1 curve) 🟢

P = -0.451903628853404x6-0.0717803922844663x5y-0.00812414035275845x5z-0.62317275203232x4y2+0.253319343875893x4yz+1.43608528361424x4z2+0.0812729711766909x3y3+0.125060194951806x3y2z+0.172076678093925x3yz2+0.0169603754082284x3z3-0.0665401738246307x2y4+0.771513176864937x2y3z+1.66356036360845x2y2z2-0.424872175364114x2yz3-1.50981522890084x2z4+0.120806410504159xy5+0.173049443630852xy4z-0.00642790777049121xy3z2-0.11052226083349xy2z3-0.0989607840904805xyz4-0.00880453657357438xz5+0.10015178739329y6+0.461003706359938y5z+0.429174731476599y4z2-0.640329382914588y3z3-1.01498038036713y2z4+0.174109666770399yz5+0.525753067906681z6 -106306.1887362124873957456-0.9993634715333990078787353x+0.153872906924252608076343y-z6+46447.79657751104575545918-0.9892845274318638371578355x+0.2504430255599882101560317y-z6+50861.52341402067423479685-0.936273883532047088463444x-0.411926914777282443262249y+z6-57137.31059377921510481008-0.9026423229038353601371416x+0.3524761041055239178071634y+z6-20159.88391794757361346885-0.8769593317582649533043935x-0.5560219809693024292098175y+z6-71148.0907022833257535742-0.8646567672384502707787668x-0.3213037901558632109932939y-z6+4609.227628524211451261722-0.8169624737172663469454926x-0.6809747357254479001325849y+z6+61895.14874447926377475223-0.6579719593780318313657338x-0.5982790527308145318740144y-z6-45843.6358491864602386378-0.3832019567895911762920409x+0.8601284116075163273101252y+z6-54108.41654382338419343393-0.3572404015392006331740369x-0.8130520751654102790124379y-z6-4814.026801483622478191963-0.3299641409740540275685339x-y+0.6914455803647159051567848z6+48184.02187778783562339190.007887421449770037028026598x-0.9124768080730048675711533y-z6+10594.470778785124465227830.3854694617461868762488194x+y-0.74408397266476988882435z6-6076.595910794255227132240.4699396483781391937912555x+y-0.8165839249659527339415492z6+48520.145274112115279494010.6990496639065036148441194x-0.6571304398927882584639205y-z6+84399.404507729602816533950.9707337693333885079688205x+0.04681382457615768100344562y+z6-11768.957177326617153729870.9710934877016440769175349x-0.3136521641039347059557624y+z6+24406.246717878487290899220.9721518178939867145715083x+0.3310389691809187544718598y-z6-100839.12548093333489080930.9778709924756455368680412x+0.2502707365984675826840698y-z6+73157.604405595607414789870.9842311689671504037147632x-0.02239614757487132022972356y-z6+26456.50503643707390581128x-0.2071633648704274556581009y+0.9929741940626885464425663z6 P = 1.0 P-P1 = 3.908341361448111370051955·10-17 dist(P,Δ) = 0.0000001414243685904218718519495±8.9·10-18

Degree 6, ⟨1⟨9⟩⟩ (M-1 curve) 🟢

P = -0.129323311431944x6-9.77698378875362·10-8x5y-1.99884974675323·10-7x5z+0.449203673504653x4y2+1.66162636325709x4yz+1.06046630798817x4z2-2.40367636372275·10-7x3y3-2.0879938953301·10-7x3y2z+9.4822240982206·10-7x3yz2+7.5746718893791·10-7x3z3-0.813614302232198x2y4+1.4816635888513x2y3z+1.85238667179824x2y2z2-1.66994424179561x2yz3-1.35548616753138x2z4+5.83986169350786·10-8xy5-4.59465733327726·10-7xy4z+3.34374739495702·10-7xy3z2+8.29710547372079·10-7xy2z3-4.1069667658711·10-7xyz4-4.50573559255312·10-7xz5-0.0717495331608978y6-0.368640323687943y5z+1.29101550789213y4z2-0.226295953949779y3z3-1.40139503226646y2z4+0.323320011346218yz5+0.474532234970588z6 22.02777655082157034004-0.9821583431501009595829x+0.5116710396361840877116y-z6+103.2800437849274639437-0.90642081834147760262x-0.2129231089522908645794y+z6+103.2801363817382376951-0.9064205080763653363298x+0.2129231195704157733669y-z6-130.8484250365963050296-0.8874087273135969652847x-0.4568806091738105354284y+z6-102.5951342335314198207-0.823399840503016690868x+0.1094613762420094247671y+z6-102.5952177913842255302-0.8233995690053324453845x-0.1094613228358291359125y-z6+98.55028221376500543891-0.6732120569538844363557x+0.4455697398320619802936y+z6+98.55034783727493238521-0.6732118382458660171822x-0.4455696588653720730251y-z6+117.3080421638847303245-0.6715677245578332846855x-0.5816643866312538762921y+z6+117.3081200871753491278-0.6715674581238964549445x+0.5816643536747666032379y-z6-82.5459802492201174383-0.4745776542640880420145x-0.7692719345491675393053y-z6-133.2541175622320877002-0.3501178241726073896596x-0.6529411134336771244727y+z6-133.2541637093330882325-0.3501176085431287597773x+0.6529410921380494133687y-z6+87.82403018071747768549-0.2264828608107651121269x-y-0.9588004034945348499595z6+144.2173196939497055458-9.821388531798327061482·10-8x-0.6744391523762243417404y+z6+61.54798484113924170053.940730687801850541922·10-8x-y-0.7620707965684137644444z6-205.03301102895472644264.646918553613794120501·10-8x-y-0.8477453547513293367957z6+87.824035767857773990760.2264829696555769473945x-y-0.9588003559919450903118z6-82.545941500905964294230.4745778202328122728589x-0.7692720169513903563875y-z6-130.848539889487426360.8874084112497379924049x-0.456880583880077011673y+z6+22.027755151418351089680.9821586909813924599345x+0.511671076501819646715y-z6 P = 1.0 P-P1 = 8.32967190528990188686·10-17 dist(P,Δ) = 0.00008204983450139948663002±4.4·10-17

M-2 curve

Degree 6, ⟨9⟩ V1 (M-2 curve) 🟢

P = 0.233594218911071x6-4.07281985498405·10-75x5y-0.641371605237325x5z-1.19756444601588x4y2-3.28365793954453·10-75x4yz-0.222372275773307x4z2+8.83887233794854·10-75x3y3+1.28181304653891x3y2z-1.48771813088546·10-74x3yz2+1.26885941607468x3z3+1.9507985788156x2y4+2.24449448634003·10-74x2y3z-0.36871912291207x2y2z2-2.58989821746096·10-75x2yz3+0.551484339071583x2z4+6.62333018549243·10-75xy5+1.94937187910436xy4z+6.04912344403714·10-75xy3z2-3.8376791129805xy2z3+1.79639523084266·10-74xyz4+0.00248338516152038xz5+0.0219277217380189y6+9.12354016960645·10-75y5z-0.199177739908626y4z2-1.32081247263847·10-74y3z3+0.531736987010761y2z4-7.23810912421521·10-75yz5+0.0219309176572576z6 1.3326266660341046323-x+3.6430498147724724272·10-75y-0.43795358974010924024z6-1.261257992632033923-x+0.39940246393036384518y-0.41675809870776277002z6+0.21072843337813558989-x+0.44988507701728562628y+0.86523189687794641166z6-0.46733676143531410792-x+0.78732336377197753388y+0.48612223128711203534z6-0.36091896015695601885-0.78725097500634446248x+3.266752678644165356·10-75y+z6-0.36755184859019422208-0.38856251729211339466x+0.67748104852777372621y-z6-1.8575902831142389878-0.14598238505029940927x+y+0.3879163839197476543z6+0.35152954404501042255-0.09827785809561970797x-y-0.79712320854716740372z6+0.58885873182829753959-0.0025826529276869108346x+7.6540289020792697481·10-75y+z6+2.1078646314140450322-3.6729025277459629179·10-75x+1.0y+3.7056169973791166748·10-75z6+0.351529544045010422550.09827785809561970797x-y+0.79712320854716740372z6-1.85759028311423898780.14598238505029940927x+y-0.3879163839197476543z6-0.367551848590194222080.38856251729211339466x+0.67748104852777372621y+z6+0.566016732483722742110.57864523166166288986x-y-0.50066231140999931746z6+0.566016732483722742110.57864523166166288986x+y-0.50066231140999931746z6+0.10210732575725475781x-0.72117989556373802765y+0.98178241664420310171z6+0.88923759735830286289x-0.57735219467731735925y+0.0025826529276869108346z6-1.261257992632033923x+0.39940246393036384518y+0.41675809870776277002z6+0.21072843337813558989x+0.44988507701728562628y-0.86523189687794641166z6+0.88923759735830286289x+0.57735219467731735925y+0.0025826529276869108346z6+0.10210732575725475781x+0.72117989556373802765y+0.98178241664420310171z6-0.46733676143531410792x+0.78732336377197753388y-0.48612223128711203534z6 P = 1.0 P-P1 = 5.5927272433871342368·10-17 dist(P,Δ) = 0.021927721738018910195±2.1·10-17

Degree 6, ⟨9⟩ V2 (M-2 curve) 🟢

P = 0.0219495555284178x6+1.18288037331849·10-75x5y+2.73892026746226·10-75x5z+2.44425828411031x4y2+2.35584925300597·10-75x4yz-0.567379925676993x4z2+4.01100165909071·10-75x3y3-6.79368469367151·10-75x3y2z-8.07589687114957·10-75x3yz2-6.75045244218622·10-75x3z3-0.730516640154519x2y4-2.27774056547665·10-76x2y3z-4.541921534574x2y2z2-3.02925231471749·10-76x2yz3+1.36660405165139x2z4-8.73803397298739·10-76xy5-8.67429783101763·10-76xy4z-7.21022361106744·10-76xy3z2+8.2999359937226·10-75xy2z3-1.14388882458369·10-75xyz4-9.96830048655807·10-76xz5+0.0219495555284178y6+1.64720084051449·10-75y5z+1.67438043505708y4z2-3.80400590177022·10-75y3z3-0.197522112270671y2z4+2.5347243732675·10-76yz5-0.0219495555284178z6 0.48552648016210895885-x-0.36305989413510690028y-0.70362513445393674551z6-2.0738422672660902304-x+2.0207709650940687257·10-76y-0.41840210183238467397z6-0.1232935227599853887-0.90455831430929836001x-0.90746535231012908448y-z6-0.1232935227599853887-0.90455831430929836001x+0.90746535231012908448y-z6-0.1232935227599853887-0.90455831430929836001x+0.90746535231012908448y+z6+0.52998133387842742121-0.58362576032920407855x-y-0.41065375408241728212z6-2.0454318873726962324-0.36323773261648906968x+y-9.9230492400645168175·10-76z6+2.2447175562590688288-5.486197037362095218·10-76x+1.0y-5.120199901551843588·10-76z6-0.766201826641827566043.479451837973786882·10-76x+9.6250400377735845124·10-76y+1.0z6+0.253458177714517031420.35138005651326891305x-0.51598482822372065326y-z6+0.253458177714517031420.35138005651326891305x-0.51598482822372065326y+z6+0.253458177714517031420.35138005651326891305x+0.51598482822372065326y-z6+0.253458177714517031420.35138005651326891305x+0.51598482822372065326y+z6-2.04543188737269623240.36323773261648906968x+y-4.5006764214256752722·10-76z6+0.529981333878427421210.58362576032920407855x-y-0.41065375408241728212z6+0.529981333878427421210.58362576032920407855x-y+0.41065375408241728212z6+0.529981333878427421210.58362576032920407855x+y-0.41065375408241728212z6-0.12329352275998538870.90455831430929836001x+0.90746535231012908448y-z6+2.42139799745025508511.0x-2.4867044864824053357·10-76y+2.1626631369228810049·10-75z6+0.48552648016210895885x-0.36305989413510690028y-0.70362513445393674551z6+0.48552648016210895885x-0.36305989413510690028y+0.70362513445393674551z6-2.0738422672660902304x+3.5544614993863025597·10-76y-0.41840210183238467397z6+0.48552648016210895885x+0.36305989413510690028y-0.70362513445393674551z6 P = 1.0 P-P1 = 5.4414327558519677865·10-17 dist(P,Δ) = 0.021949555528417773575±1.4·10-17

Degree 6, ⟨7 ∐ 1⟨1⟩⟩ (M-2 curve) 🟢

P = 0.000132672198832339x6-0.0543572490064376x5y-0.0249424663708054x5z+1.74066511326169x4y2+2.41188905106373x4yz+0.858042219742042x4z2-0.0385570035451854x3y3+0.471544890171046x3y2z+0.0733108573545426x3yz2-0.389363179158887x3z3-1.16615517063327x2y4+1.7975755696013x2y3z+2.2669111327925x2y2z2-0.343293300246056x2yz3-0.327052492280756x2z4+0.0167039363675761xy5-0.20764715188056xy4z+0.628412704109518xy3z2-0.319642170369938xy2z3-0.957667847413321xyz4+5.15204517300554·10-5xz5+0.193910481306253y6-0.889157479708478y5z+0.94832183965086y4z2+0.53160541877523y3z3-0.851456912821865y2z4-0.0286304994898774yz5+0.000326335790990764z6 -15.3061499398211369525-x-0.672222721846934317712y+0.537516500852503568431z6+28.654305140528710109-x+0.103305722380559994006y-0.17855893817209177136z6+1.53005267731985965641-x+0.337827879701964292644y-0.903168306607951039997z6-3.29874752455404608783-x+0.947956843327229127369y-0.699532685214376336888z6+6.64168612511549996669-0.937306825631873831163x-y+0.344566132179619606379z6+8.53392913307421061201-0.719784494175152116276x+y-0.207522227146428745776z6-19.0862318673025793946-0.576831326489994862816x-y-0.0125684341206988868819z6+32.8456027593273758274-0.300661684388587589874x-y-0.286178500802042883638z6-10.2369473346028325368-0.124870286314069340634x+0.059460658773031182144y+z6+7.23858515185959082412-0.0671172523410846499908x-y-0.658632298429197517308z6-43.8708921051223657590.0631380228664598185104x+y+0.470654007180725524699z6+20.95952299637314116790.0829127787449897991273x-0.0603951222671428042158y+z6+29.93552959522083636150.183677912977542889454x-y-0.382578307705548297695z6-13.1356764842232853820.35248566258411719127x-0.215893206437799956743y+z6-18.97621163722513215020.447573595218274210056x-y-0.149338741943815175809z6+0.8047497451527652930310.871848465261995155248x-0.794130869924125923461y+z6+6.02600016532837144248x-0.586356189255020881713y+0.75784005179607644116z6-16.9492736186416009964x-0.307759744809354796258y+0.537728083079189565594z6-32.0486371550217434626x+0.106227154346600171687y-0.123995884570961822202z6+23.6777239244394534209x+0.362632078490122482405y-0.380200418617900758479z6+2.52642158572538857086x+0.680510284042484352565y-0.7614045650513667284z6 P = 1.0 P-P1 = 5.26117191444276960979·10-17 dist(P,Δ) = 0.0012559623808573861052±2.2·10-17

Degree 6, ⟨6 ∐ 1⟨2⟩⟩ (EM-2 curve) 🟢

P = 0.00589370417177452x6-0.00810722420831899x5y-0.10447541397529x5z-0.13246170003432x4y2+0.507503425686876x4yz+0.48496566263209x4z2-0.340529737547038x3y3+1.06649896955336x3y2z-4.25866713675959x3yz2-0.102094774223009x3z3-0.387024873194602x2y4+0.82973870683771x2y3z+6.87333566012994x2y2z2+0.500807048068058x2yz3-0.021632585240089x2z4-0.198554452044143xy5+1.15205593386011xy4z+1.04043383730238xy3z2+0.961863155460903xy2z3+0.157899579839491xyz4+0.000589006101698443xz5-0.0260996888277111y6+0.200758307624054y5z-0.0915693420332y4z2+0.169052103282536y3z3+0.0328301791661001y2z4+0.000389369942468445yz5-0.000247824170496405z6 87.66646864564133967407-x-0.1507293597227276952201y-0.1157839790016475252289z6+265.6957559909633296016-x+0.065650241518947071828y-0.0859866326669048964606z6-153.7999933798103593101-x+0.3279036352493385149154y-0.03357610317218884702966z6+56.51911811773487533917-x+0.7048539152754089039994y+0.002037252838309579270864z6-50.83277840913819544554-0.7755717129177099727248x+y+0.04441005916920915745317z6-124.6938202985261106282-0.2149458091187146144034x-0.3078411813492471006455y+z6+83.66722354267773963712-0.1954058467210668898676x+y+0.1191397881834638853994z6+127.02202342069828286-0.1951164913941355558577x+y+0.4034946388763416214009z6-107.2131512627209183429-0.1472917695691492199013x-0.02571699358497896138242y+z6+22.36546402489446321938-0.1292507806402819707198x+0.671894154008624656853y+z6+406.7913764011825171958-0.09415465369625705064322x-0.1364706990341131093822y+z6-121.2378219049532003115-0.0008313540981224980538622x-0.004069789319835573878709y+z6-106.98361176623674145350.02802591735275618142236x-0.1493366314922560001229y+z6-28.154235062873190011110.1751266439942546998774x-y-0.7963553267184028747649z6-301.31271603095386667990.2514791432050271865961x-y-0.1823871641707819966009z6+22.002985581663791896930.3299484396081005613924x+0.4709992882946424591097y-z6+160.64974805315798034490.4325505542742250263193x-y-0.09660458117281437004966z6+22.145418796938959149160.6800810289776988237387x+0.1023913279096786582978y+z6-353.1992244036750545862x+0.09638920334209254978348y+0.1750846373868174072439z6+133.6307590682774476811x+0.1503574351733348949438y+0.3976667330107091116902z6-28.63718263211169353803x+0.1692261177187930400198y+0.7917080778383553338454z6 P = 1.0 P-P1 = 8.970496853187705608646·10-16 dist(P,Δ) = 0.0002488484400222630224711±1.4·10-17

Degree 6, ⟨5 ∐ 1⟨3⟩⟩ (M-2 curve) 🟢

P = 0.0566058234512678y6-0.171961360199937y50.707106781186547524400844362105x-0.707106781186547524400844362105z-0.397211461343717y50.707106781186547524400844362105x+0.707106781186547524400844362105z+1.50905823298469y40.707106781186547524400844362105x-0.707106781186547524400844362105z0.707106781186547524400844362105x+0.707106781186547524400844362105z-0.0515635943132141671974011387647y4x-z2+0.283650919679543034312985128054y4x+z2-1.25821490621297327194838544528y30.707106781186547524400844362105x-0.707106781186547524400844362105zx+z2+0.043804304224213518048625104484y30.707106781186547524400844362105x+0.707106781186547524400844362105zx-z2-0.0045921432210591941795591454895y3x-z3+0.147177214260917839293021927164y3x+z3-0.766854899280219991424667135838y20.707106781186547524400844362105x-0.707106781186547524400844362105zx+z3-0.262634408624459466219111421615y20.707106781186547524400844362105x+0.707106781186547524400844362105zx-z3-0.00806551604164006813446619048591y2x-z4+0.0271469694784216251937092323488y2x-z2x+z2+0.0395113427447199225261975641388y2x+z4-0.196502370915257879024906628729y0.707106781186547524400844362105x-0.707106781186547524400844362105zx+z4+0.0188703126322104716705574389835y0.707106781186547524400844362105x+0.707106781186547524400844362105zx-z4+0.0000394555932029899482595958654476yx-z5+0.322421868376131173798566036403yx-z3x+z2+0.588727984137322599180556875715yx-z2x+z3+0.00650699775107701574271587178976yx+z5-0.01617797966949622467103404611170.707106781186547524400844362105x-0.707106781186547524400844362105zx+z5-0.00121245709803788737324963446140.707106781186547524400844362105x+0.707106781186547524400844362105zx-z5+0.00000183300955924030358009551352344x-z6-0.00921120938664906491188943959969x-z4x+z2+0.348200811201710980213874790934x-z3x+z3+0.0543892205337456469127488389859x-z2x+z4+0.000431376468606762414077088196862x+z6 133.377770406053049782257337049-x-0.0206842193110781209301659722301y-0.873341342827548782981880684325z6-169.451832024867638416705543805-x+0.228845240515755622729117726942y-0.899666473637724988262440125204z6+30.8205110660838854592366373442-x+0.287426466122905572084086799891y-0.987664130485750558372400848776z6+117.849348786663746171023563199-x+0.36729215459737265724859503157y-0.763410112195440064434464884106z6-80.2967509339445014991751998112-x+0.460179781663349138982550438295y-0.55856766259204457683761882812z6-97.1683295717388883521360127905-0.898109762346899768947109079593x+0.333760628262793961335321773249y+z6-68.4497259099545883094016523164-0.896398477839011595502847509451x-0.183243551402464405307416516489y+z6-71.68890124817261756693-0.872398009726647177114601675413x-y-0.37583475667165223846584387914z6-11.7687940144534109378620877814-0.820217712180373633939555762246x+0.880053692112848394247990228462y+z6+21.1819639847296038900855649086-0.817186078248456960323699544087x-0.342039913758981716553528154103y+z6+135.70623257647633755890.272924381404767285798118231816x+y+0.129130459751116832559229838159z6-393.50661416513270675690.412111357130633209212303977554x+y+0.0684081365161938505920405815313z6+103.69989755549178377580.413414128773520236055090532917x+y-0.00682003303047670774276933763058z6+220.66440665969324440030.588984018570354170271684872065x+y+0.147859868219218316960576388365z6-17.28646361090946345737244622370.706146082619513891615722747466x-0.807176310853451958723790084557y-z6+69.87387410683173054582140294360.810662666331774627883468122642x-0.668213758365625664320350333108y-z6+127.1911295127220600366588101870.957506372494049781466268137984x-0.0254841004837921523220900239809y-z6+30.4135120817987756306514456259x-0.5049566784008382105448406598y+0.37690673457562699745583735981z6-32.7875071331339610621035044559x+0.0458143759667160575886278358751y-0.949627748886465023221920240889z6-107.96154484404736125555642488x+0.34753396829313138486562781783y+0.769093284339501345634278966817z6+70.2369346135104134516661291822x+0.716197409643470909131809815113y+0.615274970803313338383936549758z6 P = 0.999999999999999997860503337354 P-P1 = 8.77105056398522528764082333413·10-17 dist(P,Δ) = 0.00010567637298890290819206198019±1.7·10-17

Degree 6, ⟨4 ∐ 1⟨4⟩⟩ (M-2 curve) 🟢

P = 0.0159616683326227y6+0.0962949830807944y50.707106781186547524400844362105x-0.707106781186547524400844362105z-0.133400310739169y50.707106781186547524400844362105x+0.707106781186547524400844362105z+1.00849648913753y40.707106781186547524400844362105x-0.707106781186547524400844362105z0.707106781186547524400844362105x+0.707106781186547524400844362105z-0.456369829976032870266777763391y4x-z2+0.0149326405367441600313682670276y4x+z2-0.472167365591932897128657486974y30.707106781186547524400844362105x-0.707106781186547524400844362105zx+z2-0.389332491274201331066251441371y30.707106781186547524400844362105x+0.707106781186547524400844362105zx-z2-0.200851398466210284048099172856y3x-z3+0.0589099147689395163899314573208y3x+z3-0.449625806667668857704831698941y20.707106781186547524400844362105x-0.707106781186547524400844362105zx+z3-0.503827333274907509787349490514y20.707106781186547524400844362105x+0.707106781186547524400844362105zx-z3-0.0414218109837022410713025522y2x-z4+0.862837111243200172161493810564y2x-z2x+z2+0.0221556392391357125093431790219y2x+z4-0.103511320211923468770365275304y0.707106781186547524400844362105x-0.707106781186547524400844362105zx+z4-0.0921960878112641490922385401063y0.707106781186547524400844362105x+0.707106781186547524400844362105zx-z4-0.00407074222928948897636357597291yx-z5+0.0732161912921543295075870494032yx-z3x+z2+0.157285084817273259449628794376yx-z2x+z3+0.0029786240676828409241447546426yx+z5-0.007127421948195543489640127035790.707106781186547524400844362105x-0.707106781186547524400844362105zx+z5-0.005040115427637918520032185844030.707106781186547524400844362105x+0.707106781186547524400844362105zx-z5-0.000150250112016921420548740129242x-z6+0.00807529113530183056957056919601x-z4x+z2+0.44627839697788440620485062027x-z3x+z3+0.0277357172745772082023130167272x-z2x+z4+0.000131148287325940043727967587728x+z6 132.169492336133669220140950317-x-0.982661721834351532237900447207y-0.6660590650545652041227747719z6-277.332422327685590694679561789-x-0.537635551257128498736410970049y-0.763146684331858330489761542244z6-402.804854268417820189288154142-x+0.192411263675551282059744848449y-0.979321017187724898847887887419z6-117.946669318940019869890937225-x+0.198695482017446243680129655349y+0.982159598655553993989651035118z6+176.423964883682897075041065378-0.988704101840649984710586051136x+0.431356470108409294248761769065y-z6-62.256179301099812268809441381-0.96265217390238033814313295779x+0.662705907190005250136013442159y-z6+536.891501979612830727122315605-0.950596663302417138820465441456x+0.164189701489158676466151019374y+z6+15.3964466948914514924050833125-0.87651720080166402363923206489x+0.848600417794706547795977924972y-z6+152.520395134668907929664804077-0.795126875681533597874427563605x+0.454744311494436950583797886337y+z6+450.575501308754468365731966412-0.691431786693491417425173958792x-0.308596493173031470096268580608y+z6+181.33907817774036413227-0.606942327982968716314148787114x-y-0.306029435190276438228507718586z6+190.02821180790225959345-0.569116757565007842085822151832x-y-0.337130434621228494722986231441z6-375.64097382833627511133683011-0.466134654998773049627212337988x-0.546845750810251047115838266171y+z6+240.694949723759244358585750512-0.208571566837983642461227379409x-0.737048205335014724260943101639y+z6-89.092481164925407553719749525-0.0385695312009894269796167273849x+0.848117929693814694657353830072y-z6-45.66221638183679994604483713770.686313805223677818239485903959x-0.541258522021584791608578478253y-z6-480.974512293821993664930.687383503665503756289460897853x+y+0.401159363545639571152210462398z6-475.7155465868573901109077385310.862312957649694115726365324868x+0.0534620692447174510464008090213y-z6-296.8023975648245547010928535710.903702873445308041101099350774x-0.319215694851418090410982365221y-z6+110.8958753704052200528753609920.934147431819097588385047747903x-0.284636824864688982333754859528y+z6+387.602380481101308718653097711x+0.147154269025771807477121029y+0.869418240278985373310916973063z6 P = 1.00000000000000000834219939156 P-P1 = 3.28840331857390369712284516297·10-17 dist(P,Δ) = 0.0000321839633299168736662881776962±5.1·10-18

Degree 6, ⟨3 ∐ 1⟨5⟩⟩ (M-2 curve) 🔴

It seems there is no exceptional polynomial in the rigid isotopy class of this polynomial. The paper only proves there existence for locally extremal curve and it is possible that when we maximise the distance to the discriminant, quasi-cusp point are mandatory. This could be the only case for M-2 sextic. We will investigate more this case.

P = 0.544912811279858x6+0.163184071318975x5y-0.0180502721412947x5z+0.379688270707065x4y2-0.173522117321053x4yz-1.63883427401915x4z2-0.0977872493151784x3y3-0.078678993674308x3y2z-0.325487126505175x3yz2+0.0398359555542617x3z3+0.00636312920319746x2y4-0.231755793359361x2y3z-0.761329100292231x2y2z2+0.351936505276977x2yz3+1.63929977845366x2z4-0.0661355889330344xy5-0.0555856028297564xy4z+0.102407266819225xy3z2+0.0804625534286655xy2z3+0.161835061720841xyz4-0.0219246747565946xz5-0.0049509157250979y6-0.0701866516177861y5z-0.046321262534803y4z2+0.230687331066375y3z3+0.380411931746573y2z4-0.177931509239157yz5-0.545240702063767z6 z6 P = 1.0 P-P1 = 1.75797650841174 dist(P,Δ) = 0.545240702063767±0

Degree 6, ⟨2 ∐ 1⟨6⟩⟩ (EM-2 curve) 🟢

P = -0.396663870421844x6+0.21640136821547x5y-0.0109419425863422x5z-0.817302526479225x4y2+0.48072714803358x4yz+1.27206642925114x4z2+0.0508999223953115x3y3-0.175349776021804x3y2z-0.451149966359061x3yz2+0.0232569761630139x3z3-0.163029808841459x2y4+1.04638338228826x2y3z+1.51195475956509x2y2z2-1.04470250583701x2yz3-1.35783369451186x2z4-0.234906246896496xy5-0.166627696213582xy4z+0.0221136877114014xy3z2+0.181835573825987xy2z3+0.235225289182257xyz4-0.0123739559359567xz5+0.194998705706446y6+0.566460762192207y5z-0.00753890289944141y4z2-1.13007440315571y3z3-0.670730783712748y2z4+0.566435465154493yz5+0.482446648620434z6 -17235.78104699555602219795-x-0.2851841792469923933438584y-0.9466525988899291541909117z6+5899.186159204494470457514-x-0.1537138956699653039203101y-0.9312014362520819345449942z6+11386.00571526472876238833-x+0.06854216572955960610609681y+0.9683731905951197557098248z6+15282.44910133099647675234-0.9548768722027620234105237x+0.3723098942956839721710419y+z6+8332.793100638581890372477-0.9524616191849746306972701x-0.6088550471512966962292393y-z6-12283.77805359011180986917-0.7738609928751712105257009x+0.6246203299665761664362382y+z6-7005.341876831375375881862-0.6889837205598740218737574x-0.8815560402753904459176806y-z6+17902.62673387365047275938-0.6691231242756413752775106x+0.6996944209207052546993786y-z6+10250.59896621390251221698-0.4826816020533281057962529x+0.8546009818196989515643475y+z6-8637.513759238015929132038-0.1074991467068690581851935x+y+0.9985571075818130489368707z6+8228.0013586379720024697730.3006376799025058256396074x+y+0.9806010843155724918476483z6-1178.7115791368902352987860.4249775146432928589613815x-y+0.9217325980972658543063802z6+3450.5691908891955127913310.5069223619506019457306845x-0.977234802278066955217925y+z6-9242.3624516863015846487070.5827266931496944532825182x-0.8368117392225369924233741y+z6-5161.0220786205272667666130.6585249967681531507989871x-0.6822493668311044227544239y+z6-7176.8540335353902561105670.7710661153949144979264051x-0.5732827026749252858151699y+z6-24264.08468940339337265363x-0.169966209443957174835989y-0.9706045077988007649295833z6+6651.727835993959867207816x-0.1176627272258693763146435y-0.948508687895651300485655z6-2784.698770358627717095026x+0.001988443429673666335425937y-0.983369335070545251761446z6+6426.084880810182898193698x+0.1137951409827975332447314y+0.9509181896888931615652811z6 P = 1.0 P-P1 = 1.417451527066488381549453·10-16 dist(P,Δ) = 0.0000006564983740116376063184517±2.4·10-17

Degree 6, ⟨1 ∐ 1⟨7⟩⟩ (M-2 curve) 🟢

P = -0.41945536802886x6+0.028993731909103x5y-0.000416427033813448x5z-0.73386284514219x4y2+0.222401957764597x4yz+1.33823230163809x4z2+0.0643225011471911x3y3+0.0292488850166352x3y2z-0.0391105063275275x3yz2+0.00164786573131822x3z3-0.149642938781006x2y4+0.749057358230338x2y3z+1.92564385510751x2y2z2-0.444089755858393x2yz3-1.41948070134616x2z4+0.0284897603366637xy5+0.0383265617404168xy4z-0.0357728193985202xy3z2-0.0260295080983391xy2z3+0.0104956092378329xyz4-0.00125248310804325xz5+0.124743311827073y6+0.587499460423241y5z+0.60016964261906y4z2-0.737067023290336y3z3-1.18611597297508y2z4+0.221272208846738yz5+0.50062946591728z6 344.64979776340304420673-x+0.0065541837735052926745797y+0.94852618333004122608239z6+705.95170097500758849877-0.96958746701895594088832x-0.157104399946823674607y+z6+907.36394995371805194109-0.92350565670244617317432x-0.27026142675400045094596y-z6+894.75646796756812165345-0.91166338934582210407317x+0.32214474221903685276918y+z6-378.74589047422582750588-0.87470709013776939248997x-0.37138017127558289526834y+z6-383.75396739395549823025-0.84824222998763690931373x+0.41857641990746802524905y-z6+118.22538754884354569451-0.73455352692777637665289x+0.58466122972542927084377y-z6-780.96162966970951072471-0.69068305614221958172142x+0.59872230363409437951785y+z6+747.43084139055606289934-0.40308016900823241762691x-0.77135317988131260749782y-z6+743.08153944851685862013-0.36234340534924693718079x+0.79346630584328532575705y+z6-736.142250137403243198330.022604337798313722604243x+0.85588795960811077520876y+z6-522.519447458833791058680.028554502701567673911522x+y-0.51893736622445798105105z6+1552.95790041111158877830.028616741556076179255086x+y-0.56791646064084173940255z6-522.268237822302093497850.05537715788078541555904x-y+0.59684832706829494313602z6-507.759899662698067692530.11308295533571381673233x+y-0.59944298339340966085746z6-789.401681494847871741740.71915454058012621538437x+0.55835758320174237237316y+z6+116.876965743748082597530.77001201052238961170447x+0.54377089590866993663369y-z6+716.38386219222385550170.95444269893499279329208x-0.21032569112731360777723y+z6-1217.9234454323899770209x-0.05463791416367195898829y-0.99496193086619797731316z6+337.26866874284649682724x-0.049313110979070997132349y+0.95450084039245943265957z6-1210.3500672098986997649x-0.0011244234106276242662102y+0.99853961271826891352886z6 P = 1.0 P-P1 = 6.5390976660035473780022·10-17 dist(P,Δ) = 0.000011994344962266722172027±2.8·10-17

Degree 6, ⟨1⟨8⟩⟩ ND (M-2 curve) 🟢

P = -0.0569131186273626x6+0.383114047180663x5y+0.153243745312552x5z+0.337963171029331x4y2+1.55128936973495x4yz+0.947692334597727x4z2+0.617080146495235x3y3+0.305792460898885x3y2z-0.0963660100845385x3yz2+0.114733990923011x3z3-0.691432092276297x2y4+1.48274307179365x2y3z+1.91598867489581x2y2z2-1.47497826455634x2yz3-1.29304380361951x2z4+0.226986206633784xy5+0.0523600474657622xy4z-0.336421952405771xy3z2+0.181683895120387xy2z3+0.0354322337637058xyz4-0.1808012358826xz5-0.186157618896397y6-0.146778081524262y5z+1.23788184203379y4z2-0.198291814226667y3z3-1.41961599962061y2z4+0.225749802333319yz5+0.490326461797867z6 3.023059161086369566253-x-0.7295900707679609426627y+0.8583020692886437514841z6-10.37117733901341619789-x-0.5474218590749623998473y+0.5551562181660846480915z6+13.03397972950599445043-0.834159473385038433711x+0.6166744274181943531486y-z6+63.84664137729121621048-0.806166031247588753085x+0.2768321664588475418478y-z6-21.4174463071929532043-0.7895671954665703450162x-0.7528832591891313258095y+z6-35.86917862121763687023-0.6877686962363412376636x+0.5645999769521003491136y+z6+24.47530304340465525703-0.1489369523183632452971x+y+0.8127856742347556685826z6+42.04268551700011549117-0.1227978517991130954246x-0.9846102128830464278423y-z6-55.74109675840533250196-0.08933889938248413840947x+0.7341325702290287599171y-z6-72.328108485723919173970.1541179368471773880934x-y-0.9285482846935460130833z6+38.528409811688000551170.3267004021352321213103x+0.7621124167237599661056y-z6-50.19509191840480936150.4060083832907184882809x+0.7384936155715972724402y+z6+38.607863934064013619440.4298075169490289146249x-0.8830949205160567712704y-z6+64.918675809312342756910.4589568260918594481322x-0.6644365789805858774987y+z6+59.666581146925454004630.6239021617600478343995x+0.4173080678638084320847y+z6-79.449961079038718340270.7312424689385785599798x-0.5413997793315543584103y+z6-62.64753524131632334120.7641297907245391606935x+0.06739830768135000099811y+z6+27.799948247538857611940.9197444598983802370906x-0.1885744503532228507407y-z6-36.77023416246866655765x+0.2068376919837120186228y-0.886777293986987640034z6+7.847528165462753317188x+0.3683230210504675438072y-0.7178413613348603339733z6+26.88114982467846468716x+0.5290832425378395385011y-0.8810148933857361297159z6 P = 1.0 P-P1 = 6.444597321843617188844·10-17 dist(P,Δ) = 0.0002102182576757141635492±1.8·10-17

Degree 6, ⟨1⟨8⟩⟩ D (M-2 curve) 🟢

P = 0.00047830888439636x6+1.97729542651369·10-86x5y+5.15637816550416·10-87x5z+1.34901792671098x4y2-3.04861822763262·10-87x4yz-0.927631586332153x4z2+3.16441980225004·10-87x3y3-2.6108667695848·10-87x3y2z-1.90677970260907·10-86x3yz2-3.36649545733576·10-87x3z3+1.34901792671098x2y4-2.84518320056041·10-88x2y3z-2.98080318905296x2y2z2+2.64161178954934·10-87x2yz3+1.40516354200258x2z4-2.1478112375648·10-86xy5-5.28655719060703·10-87xy4z+1.56706265296712·10-86xy3z2+5.33419009896911·10-87xy2z3+1.53754976175109·10-87xyz4-3.64608236286858·10-88xz5+0.00047830888439636y6+2.68077928199968·10-87y5z-0.927631586332153y4z2-1.48106804761482·10-87y3z3+1.40516354200258y2z4-4.78392978687652·10-88yz5-0.529745845686385z6 1.589507374275634313154-1.0x+7.336451359318464778957·10-87y-2.775031762222988443084·10-87z6-18.14043459667601807177-0.8277341603719508826234x-0.3874078909018352984282y-z6-18.14043459667601807177-0.8277341603719508826234x+0.3874078909018352984282y+z6-2.787017736002609434885-0.8275051790378073440092x-0.8275051790378073440092y-z6-2.787017736002609434885-0.8275051790378073440092x+0.8275051790378073440092y-z6-2.787017736002609434885-0.8275051790378073440092x+0.8275051790378073440092y+z6+20.76074458474428818709-0.7015625904065544847387x-0.7015625904065544847387y+z6-18.14043459667601807177-0.3874078909018352984282x-0.8277341603719508826234y+z6-18.14043459667601807177-0.3874078909018352984282x+0.8277341603719508826234y-z6+18.17470588318876109328-1.994078366799941458147·10-87x-0.8691668928268026710331y+z6+1.5895073742756343131547.969124118784105641906·10-87x+1.0y+1.442727320665996895082·10-87z6+18.174705883188761093289.973265537948382004341·10-87x+0.8691668928268026710331y+z6-18.140434596676018071770.3874078909018352984282x-0.8277341603719508826234y-z6-18.140434596676018071770.3874078909018352984282x+0.8277341603719508826234y+z6+20.760744584744288187090.7015625904065544847387x-0.7015625904065544847387y-z6+20.760744584744288187090.7015625904065544847387x-0.7015625904065544847387y+z6+20.760744584744288187090.7015625904065544847387x+0.7015625904065544847387y+z6-2.7870177360026094348850.8275051790378073440092x+0.8275051790378073440092y-z6-18.140434596676018071770.8277341603719508826234x-0.3874078909018352984282y+z6-18.140434596676018071770.8277341603719508826234x+0.3874078909018352984282y-z6+18.174705883188761093280.8691668928268026710331x-9.839594044888732451897·10-87y+z6+18.174705883188761093280.8691668928268026710331x-7.09814488652441969896·10-87y-z6 P = 1.0 P-P1 = 7.119093909182977317174·10-17 dist(P,Δ) = 0.0004783088843963595609995±6.1·10-18

Degree 7

Degree 7, ⟨𝐽 ∐ 15⟩ (Harnack's M curve) 🟢

P = -1.74415402874978·10-10x7+0.193985061996207x6y-0.0674698195570194x6z+1.47457241517702·10-8x5y2-3.34288587749802·10-8x5yz+1.01491178382314·10-8x5z2+3.19653872230425x4y3-0.537105063338043x4y2z-1.12612133763269x4yz2+0.322178912498801x4z3-6.16682520044354·10-8x3y4-2.28770197209962·10-7x3y3z+1.98897825628962·10-8x3y2z2+1.10575615971594·10-7x3yz3-3.04774765965544·10-8x3z4-0.412696946812073x2y5-2.87922246275859x2y4z-4.69434441310397x2y3z2+0.79744414055892x2y2z3+1.81877730525204x2yz4-0.487300026163997x2z5+3.89755112946603·10-9xy6+4.20794560514053·10-8xy5z+1.50063760088956·10-7xy4z2+1.73813500346809·10-7xy3z3-3.22693680864886·10-8xy2z4-7.91808693362777·10-8xyz5+2.17225891352177·10-8xz6+0.0132679769536452y7+0.187064674904409y6z+0.978383145670196y5z2+2.24737285428712y4z3+1.84740166166103y3z4-0.46881063416948y2z5-0.81032990850427yz6+0.222620135268147z7 737.583632249725877922106-x-0.7430393317874477789192y-0.8783032079440896723802z7-522.166745110871534332099-x-0.345201971887186757688792y-0.992400308938238450847721z7+13.5338736804438272108341-x-0.032544020329245999475341y+0.702663067722345839900194z7+1392.08351380700445739413-x+0.496890579078654594886053y+0.950997197283469082170708z7-737.583529677060280996719-x+0.743039351238252417263789y+0.878303244045156127144227z7+2712.37399705287891175064-0.810561602964861236527234x+0.347844590607047120409006y+z7-2776.33933459518796115043-0.571963633287207716347078x+y+0.350841178780400211176522z7-4023.11923601468166064837-0.558694059828629659752311x+0.344795883897282020108047y+z7-7031.52375360478748348248-0.355160749944217022218366x-y-0.112982103724865975264171z7+5877.09335304817717709326-0.278905248244801235366719x+0.347843056650947065641545y+z7+12224.3119313938492766935-0.192898240460801982842019x-y+0.0670226346514183292531303z7-17593.4136549058751564525-0.0754484589178065130048167x-y+0.19095631764005904426417z7+6816.4262086221959207539-1.01449680877731271488031·10-8x-0.349255322568968955579317y-z7+5486.17016256516551167844-2.00869668293423156226093·10-10x+y-0.272939103913952872448434z7+25906.5374312034528745542-1.01336532310860083546528·10-10x-y+0.240534781256189021570316z7-15.71689853154774618844063.78709129858557151628194·10-9x-y+0.657474836793920856895284z7-17593.41369847666066896270.0754484577636922460966513x-y+0.190956316165219462095674z7+12224.31200879503111320390.192898236847259869017996x-y+0.0670226309928145783016208z7+5877.093139031437648154810.278905269979036241087271x+0.347843057152659693078279y+z7-7031.523835577501757038770.355160742556181711798671x-y-0.112982110161238846998282z7-4023.11894254353357878730.558694085919739795318808x+0.344795884870542444061626y+z7-2776.339282471412144958460.571963646054381875496642x+y+0.350841169052981428518166z7+2712.373709998587695676250.810561635502876765418596x+0.347844592065160428261279y+z7-661.4843042156400923292880.878865467022532596709758x-y-0.682048508368015631468337z7+661.4842851330708089731370.878865488055371175762438x+y+0.682048494786057242573682z7+2379.420988293481977215240.973785922083014070403365x-0.379977871411113311314881y-z7-2379.420685767123833865050.973785960204145883455996x+0.379977873746494947744039y+z7-522.166671535363017454661x-0.345201983524998599589661y-0.992400347566657150202895z7+13.5338749076322683399112x-0.0325440245968627515113304y+0.702663039968101975813966z7+1392.08370936341937722393x+0.496890564417769086891484y+0.950997159546439708772479z7 P = 1.0 P-P1 = 9.3661690299577384587753·10-17 dist(P,Δ) = 0.00000238287955329906566192218±2.8·10-17

Degree 8

Degree 8, ⟨18 ∐ 1⟨3⟩⟩ (Harnack's M curve) 🟢

P = 3.42639808625191·10-8x8-5.20218194718691·10-9x7y-3.34927900961968·10-9x7z+2.14927084494929x6y2+2.76750793316963x6yz+0.890891344032204x6z2-8.7090761580403·10-9x5y3+1.99506657847714·10-8x5y2z+5.118016639116·10-8x5yz2+2.23976367917429·10-8x5z3+0.716423769876259x4y4+4.6125132170289x4y3z+1.14924961321223x4y2z2-3.52509693886025x4yz3-1.63800689164346x4z4-1.75990922440709·10-9x3y5-8.52627334429744·10-9x3y4z+4.80459271614805·10-8x3y3z2+3.33511890999359·10-8x3y2z3-3.73752474256241·10-8x3yz4-2.39056725244219·10-8x3z5-1.194039148444x2y6+0.922502623527613x2y5z+3.68829033047973x2y4z2-2.35006459612284x2y3z3-3.27601379108108x2y2z4+1.14917690065212x2yz5+1.02387845537451x2z6+1.74698495308752·10-9xy7-7.23401247549844·10-9xy6z-3.17088271888009·10-9xy5z2+2.62547268472772·10-8xy4z3-5.24450473680407·10-9xy3z4-2.39160381153039·10-8xy2z5+4.32834637838548·10-9xyz6+7.1086594668879·10-9xz7+0.23880789236505y8-0.922502642618129y7z+0.721621944432765y6z2+1.17503233171612y5z3-1.63800687629417y4z4-0.383058989845222y3z5+1.02387845225685y2z6+5.12029721743252·10-9yz7-0.215868035709408z8 -41092.753101152946135664631-x-0.78377816208381896545425688y+0.73965084069786299859205662z8+101688.20790401539286398679-x-0.51112945346182100011645246y+0.79558758477653398332032514z8+272236.89420214674728393621-x-0.26866765768780414913863019y+0.41818887756115697704011554z8+272236.89076910931133645488-x+0.2686676581158176183230246y-0.41818888198682753313923478z8-153180.37509889329580389426-x+0.40222910364351236450615708y-0.62747585878708633683521774z8+101688.20546442076818924378-x+0.51112945499913986400789293y-0.79558759092887005607543752z8+573.82086707385807197495238-0.91247685013667526444729847x+0.52681875750222005432955982y-z8+158964.06012228293637267103-0.57735026918661909382640946x+y+2.6918972126833281548672355·10-10z8-243453.63867355946852148606-0.41304212435818333218493726x+y+0.22113039066831765695352774z8+273020.24625132097104870222-0.26723098646731015913584743x+y+0.41803870815880216665364816z8-257616.79657405273269001908-0.14211761058350007712286153x+y+0.58799771807245375231205929z8-257616.79657273177327057023-0.14211760837342227664952697x-y-0.58799771860811310049052458z8+254650.19728016590324178957-0.05113178954334642829357377x+y+0.70933897257945121066257308z8+254650.19727969611471613688-0.051131786876160487588622976x-y-0.70933897277220140651781269z8+62474.945637616317852239657-1.4634015991045443396840104·10-9x+y+0.77826427910536737490115777z8-327499.460330211131156628681.4204809541986528049259963·10-9x-y-0.75547339842913188206890986z8+871.577734232901175439351871.78511270603536564397396·10-9x-y-0.9490930135373968937752746z8-20.096685599885822276730351.8849436086770641560948949·10-9x+0.75651455491123575518210028y-z8+273020.246248688588067163540.26723098489760975574256869x+y+0.41803870916582490776881038z8-243453.638669931378770678560.41304212353058060192301557x+y+0.22113039222444255390801505z8+158964.060118971581498839140.57735026919263243420661713x+y+2.4437652668362515602945954·10-9z8-20.0966860457293472237536040.65516081801184222361669681x+0.37825727437047294989026441y+z8-20.0966856489971239235183260.65516082339331728810350926x-0.37825727530683318645972632y-z8-71304.9522657959334786194230.76891747478018995264070886x-y+0.25781637885680186933046808z8-71304.952263817748810490350.76891747575842545799966033x+y-0.25781637596158723009903623z8+573.820851296898877426545480.91247685704154667331997448x+0.52681875930868684148433881y-z8+22606.251390899473160342848x-0.9986604666328049374294719y+0.57077150597894813267481413z8-41092.752184156171237602758x-0.78377816427460879780713969y+0.73965084652752889889957734z8+63398.411897559632777194184x-0.64759982251797063795020648y+0.84398946578576729645964656z8+19767.46316725915625831158x-0.57735027138875186166523813y+0.89866218219140255852657055z8-103622.87560667255350504408x-0.57735027132444016546814445y+0.87234553997136114343871012z8-426329.31707296075435436071x-0.13267026916534226112727953y+0.20617325123822298269600597z8+502404.93075161207419456861x-2.2550045585050086749380026·10-12y+1.8832376649071639317685996·10-9z8-426329.31972351766144087686x+0.13267026905772824209846286y-0.20617324731152118406435103z8-153180.37799729442944874343x+0.4022291026876555552377843y-0.62747585353651365246914212z8-103622.87833259402512686151x+0.57735026942144554479490381y-0.87234553333637658745334096z8+19767.463702940459802742603x+0.57735026942852971433156211y-0.89866217538080545153828046z8+63398.413511321174950951057x+0.64759982045293647284234237y-0.84398945933389796666359291z8+22606.251780504791963144767x+0.99866046447687993375220631y-0.57077150098285932219238387z8 P = 1.0 P-P1 = 7.1837734110860747196532771·10-17 dist(P,Δ) = 3.4263980859463065386598227·10-8±1.9·10-17

Degree 8, ⟨9 ∐ 1⟨1⟨1⟩⟩⟩ (depth 3 nest) 🟢

P = 0.00184852034526133x8+1.37962114569464·10-10x7y+2.70336709326394·10-11x7z+1.80339843306263x6y2+1.33598915259897x6yz+0.139098862673101x6z2+2.33771699033518·10-10x5y3-2.9149896713279·10-9x5y2z-3.09849552780582·10-9x5yz2-3.79596195179658·10-10x5z3+0.609759239170446x4y4+2.22664858868118x4y3z-8.60811680882531x4y2z2-7.27611724198381x4yz3-0.708656388993302x4z4+4.85439322485681·10-11x3y5+1.08627261138854·10-9x3y4z-2.45539034487757·10-9x3y3z2+2.98701581111141·10-9x3y2z3+4.49579850208009·10-9x3yz4+4.80588578830014·10-10x3z5-0.990386114083156x2y6+0.445329716098042x2y5z+6.4342388546789x2y4z2-4.85074482503623x2y3z3-1.41731277900454x2y2z4+2.82624465449354x2yz5+0.299067689378958x2z6-4.72656519272849·10-11xy7+2.74110927805355·10-11xy6z+6.68800018719502·10-10xy5z2-1.63868960717203·10-9xy4z3+5.18990151969059·10-10xy3z4+4.83605887668308·10-10xy2z5-5.87765608693515·10-10xyz6-6.37339336336658·10-11xz7+0.201404559463765y8-0.445329717212565y7z-0.863724849128429y6z2+2.42537241348016y5z3-0.708656387256309y4z4-0.942081551942447y3z5+0.299067688971784y2z6+4.41515556763352·10-11yz7-0.00184852034526133z8 0.748889502883901619695-x-0.956287709064390712351y+0.617228908952546817997z8+0.221873659422060425097-x-0.577350269310259400498y+0.91071735282544279893z8-2.7506880105010065849-x-0.577350269272726597886y+0.626527055916616037026z8+7.25179692389312110635-x-0.292042216132865199932y+0.464721507749055561345z8+2.59849477318757139295-x-0.0533515135520429345353y+0.446722006393310612235z8+19.0449919807034076518-x-2.66900892274135847218·10-13y+1.03983497640828949957·10-10z8-17.3752970684814084603-x+0.100957873701140638522y-0.276608227818251225118z8-2.75068801337503852489-x+0.577350269196787883441y-0.626527055626821388002z8+0.221873659758788922833-x+0.57735026920019801374y-0.910717352444706035382z8-0.497984836773092874302-0.757867566652633135267x+0.107545126493868846069y-z8-0.49798483740099773496-0.757867566325160133248x-0.107545126477323054811y+z8-3.40033670619497299046-0.720292597774072445198x-y+0.339169181824907872556z8+0.64012552483783262938-0.650746405748616915991x-y+0.532223975829907027727z8+6.02595449388700900722-0.577350269189981632357x+y+1.32069261410581927106·10-10z8-8.64984743642318684341-0.450153805526568002565x-y-0.301807875538753859815z8-0.497984837203297852693-0.285796971812549344997x-0.710105128397777927447y-z8-0.497984837440085011445-0.285796971587974679843x+0.710105128355419320467y+z8+7.98085485770896170382-0.244142951002394298809x-y-0.459189871488473603833z8+7.980854857700640932-0.244142950907463580422x+y+0.459189871539307123197z8+0.701230331226329321221-8.17453373980676734132·10-11x-y-0.788704363202146166973z8-8.69353247945619696294-5.61533331648754730174·10-11x-y-0.542588346585836819534z8+11.88994321551008749211.03931029906658516489·10-10x+0.19658133670267576122y+z8-32.91864568053134902731.03983497640848123959·10-10x-7.2034361056322376643·10-11y+z8+11.88994321517352552420.170244431453395696874x+0.0982906684597826429513y-z8+11.88994321180579680680.170244431667442701935x-0.0982906684631717691952y+z8-8.649847436406558867690.450153805464443896077x-y-0.301807875632443516449z8-0.497984837140546689150.472070594661317510722x+0.602560002140964111157y-z8-0.4979848367494289872380.472070594915951732951x-0.602560002199868509404y+z8+1.048022586832874408130.508340589204572950905x-y-0.500416069951499075832z8+1.048022586835149481670.508340589307971235767x+y+0.500416069845645221446z8+6.02595449390186614770.577350269189269896659x+y+1.19994607021369070388·10-11z8+0.6401255248360537482380.650746405860061788345x-y+0.532223975694758131448z8-3.400336706184513732260.720292597845419190406x-y+0.339169181675241193603z8+0.748889503655998966933x-0.956287708940616566015y+0.617228908665035243534z8+7.25179692950906512204x-0.29204221610406094407y+0.464721507496102302726z8+2.59849477511943610489x-0.0533515135465510745617y+0.446722006143828886553z8-17.3752970604777526022x+0.100957873707487521331y-0.276608228042145121215z8 P = 1.0 P-P1 = 5.56769886681425493263·10-17 dist(P,Δ) = 0.00184852034526132908152±1.6·10-17

Degree 8, ⟨19⟩ (M-3 curve) 🟢

This curve has 43 quasi-critical points, but the rank of the corresponding family of 8th power of linear forms is only 41, hence the polynomial is written using only 41 independent 8th power of linear forms. The missing points appear clearly on the drawing.

P = 0.0495589143528351x8-0.00188018680131159x7y-0.000795119640932293x7z-0.98222967758031x6y2-0.512485805811381x6yz-0.387887731197622x6z2+0.0196278020389989x5y3+0.0177437997933578x5y2z+0.0131094554566617x5yz2+0.00388115481719391x5z3+4.81286215768501x4y4+4.37041111569147x4y3z+5.46367682835569x4y2z2+2.26805542914645x4yz3+0.96347855083981x4z4-0.0115396380424817x3y5-0.00891660576928047x3y4z-0.0238949884583324x3y3z2-0.0108324040428585x3y2z3-0.0125477647548797x3yz4-0.00487482221080735x3z5+0.245163497293747x2y6+3.32420020860353x2y5z-1.75134056243491x2y4z2+2.90577734180137x2y3z3-1.78664997060123x2y2z4-2.14515883780769x2yz5-0.882233333049585x2z6-0.000352126771039669xy7-0.00481778746941958xy6z-0.000622356910905359xy5z2-0.00303919507158106xy4z3+0.00499500693115176xy3z4-0.000908018084730323xy2z5+0.0030737225764952xyz6+0.00177576523890042xz7-0.000593764825451007y8+0.00802584243368985y7z+0.121879421524613y6z2-1.1278120374435y5z3+2.6700988140946y4z4-1.70424194371066y3z5-0.740965215107721y2z6+0.511633629359521yz7+0.262270902028137z8 1.390023128461474579-x-0.514864672901870670517y+0.694792149280820947404z8-5.76856376174915765797-x-0.367651952864542142082y+0.449029247862737071282z8+11.0189889580600322248-x-0.348221060805872479425y+0.162547771489192290354z8+5.28914333657159287355-x-0.0623240371443920724944y+0.863300220608303397447z8-13.6179238115978697977-x-0.0133017772624531407553y+0.580884258432679159669z8-12.9799982438379493272-x+0.0147305009770848275137y-0.57992073239483549944z8-15.0428544729854527006-x+0.286420392192215051987y+0.106533249699119379954z8-8.21674557054554787186-0.832142048755301378634x-0.0523334213113831989111y-z8-8.11552529248380784848-0.830832358180963667038x+0.053493992183472768816y+z8+3.43594288028844556097-0.693008211955235835485x-y+0.596367698528421295515z8+3.5179481547302908655-0.691321266081178478422x+y-0.595271246521781144432z8+9.12166752574641419074-0.627558131122870499815x-0.333099558503366360046y-z8+9.03462017052236159039-0.626063742643032917838x+0.33384616536963884814y+z8-6.80361606701100434313-0.42602969155936136302x+0.616319883065497222444y+z8-18.7234703598625914949-0.381994900341736507673x-y+0.317287446742690586326z8-18.9774784807734199622-0.380583277447180849589x+y-0.316835905923849674503z8+3.69781507743267734732-0.215922762999589999033x-0.895930219341788753721y-z8-5.50865556312886726439-0.0010471814359080330952x-y-0.904757201368224393515z8-100.113503296839096484-0.000708485063682819988933x-y+0.0238613644964277896563z8+33.92172233399165921460.000769903958928277064165x+y+0.144533490296711020538z8-8.86176596319690156150.000852723761545914622879x+y+0.371604143066634607299z8+5.011341191106551477870.000949962549676449763213x+y+0.638207955168146082825z8+52.13823969410482745850.160693766253681369832x-y+0.129247334735093325364z8+51.81194314964536087330.162071164685063605015x+y-0.129394992845831119458z8+3.679170756796844900810.213874391306113097406x-0.896098005017882744826y-z8-6.856063222581239975650.427775829028201283447x+0.615899406602238563444y+z8-0.1681580905507497749520.715322446548715959756x-0.372214115513973854825y+z8+2.193867912693696897420.828811689671995075658x+0.195574543656054599001y-z8+2.372007601801588790110.829761350398868711896x-0.19688275752418034993y+z8+0.07130412948267556668980.936821208170425277126x-0.570529403619022106307y+z8-0.980972440487592667718x-0.834524192744189608891y+0.869136844752565805157z8+1.32947040636650824212x-0.516419196823238992133y+0.694224511242661041957z8-5.07900564980871701715x-0.369160421308773292273y+0.448390027651836735607z8+10.5872881566921501478x-0.349788852778525302644y+0.161880319012975976822z8+2.53494813346077842487x-0.220157481488407112402y+0.590156923216909136977z8+15.583818312096740699x-0.159136773462445597936y-0.351210389544920435209z8+5.25385219757797448039x-0.0637244489218174766948y+0.862105839372452686507z8+15.2447221886636640524x+0.157625892024054788088y+0.350311493330204895941z8+3.25367506160861802164x+0.218748564203778468505y-0.590954896662565830591z8-15.1015917993935178387x+0.284846874561262385414y+0.10575208127168468563z8-0.953137039630366940463x+0.832621710691360088755y-0.869378162435763103742z8 P = 1.0 P-P1 = 1.37922513912681184877·10-16 dist(P,Δ) = 0.00069817037013123745928±1.2·10-17

Degree 9

Degree 9 ⟨J U 28⟩ (Harnack's M curve) 🔴

P = -6.47690131545843·10-14x9-0.000894699521756603x8y-0.000896140509912845x8z-3.09220644734732·10-10x7y2-5.66814054893491·10-10x7yz-2.57068972868567·10-10x7z2-1.51675134076296x6y3-4.20115750163369x6y2z-3.84483992258021x6yz2-1.16042305503365x6z3-2.98903753395465·10-11x5y4-6.37583262041529·10-10x5y3z+6.4130497948779·10-10x5y2z2+2.52686110460851·10-9x5yz3+1.27602721429944·10-9x5z4+1.51257607600666x4y5-1.40456782361952x4y4z-6.40806653727669x4y3z2+0.586067739569115x4y2z3+7.18995079268125x4yz4+3.11292954998475x4z5+1.22179986633867·10-10x3y6-2.1265510462967·10-10x3y5z-1.11937042997033·10-9x3y4z2+1.75169667221458·10-9x3y3z3+2.10856613962517·10-9x3y2z4-1.8126185907653·10-9x3yz5-1.38122584014615·10-9x3z6-0.504788491576338x2y7+2.32840040407918x2y6z-1.28161330874381x2y5z2-6.19282709927595x2y4z3+4.79330053000986x2y3z4+6.22585909895079x2y2z5-2.73630046153379x2yz6-2.0907856951756x2z7-2.61224068948139·10-11xy8+1.62398508872973·10-10xy7z-1.87125656101384·10-10xy6z2-5.99291736462113·10-10xy5z3+1.26840898132158·10-9xy4z4+2.08237515797689·10-10xy3z5-1.33685646372163·10-9xy2z6+1.30498729084796·10-10xyz7+1.79970366202169·10-10xz8+0.0563858433370229y9-0.467293133613127y8z+1.28161330741715y7z2-0.708496733216063y6z3-2.39665026294871y5z4+3.11292955057919y4z5+0.912100152380785y3z6-2.09078569526425y2z7+1.40425959287793·10-10yz8+0.00705483675959769z9 2380896.82519547-x-0.729258346206677y+0.727781732441915z9-6947676.05364025-x-0.619721382928701y+0.618725694861009z9+13220124.7356317-x-0.577350269174812y+0.584631971179082z9-9609406.44174142-x-0.536478908104933y+0.596825504671969z9+7241456.37737902-x-0.44310322926996y+0.643168848479633z9+6821.3739251457-x-0.268061626727725y+0.293770854043093z9+3112667.81040602-x-0.0695426730080776y+0.829962798402872z9+9609406.44632266-x+0.53647890810518y-0.596825504526279z9-13220124.7417725-x+0.577350269174157y-0.584631971033646z9+2603883.3093554-x+0.577350269182715y-0.576422665048878z9-2380896.82657527-x+0.729258346188698y-0.72778173227943z9+380834.337196557-x+0.96793336044347y-0.96637815793565z9-412.346899407536-x+0.999790222623675y-0.401245079295575z9+968264.399786432-0.702257600040002x-0.786872848026557y-z9+589843.548169065-0.673952454347285x-y+0.998446601453092z9-5671750.2421848-0.250560639046082x+y+0.715839869966238z9+15415801.7564314-0.106899414664023x+y+0.591377748152394z9+29862547.5844375-0.0312057953677463x-y-0.526178255824751z9-29862547.5845394-0.0312057953401219x+y+0.526178255826924z9-1175698.57508409-4.40385294436983·10-11x+y-0.998366122433211z9-48245839.5044969-1.26525246074838·10-11x-y-0.506306138757093z9+730564.473970961-1.04368097832507·10-11x-y-0.463005198034606z9-9502674.045003661.22366877958784·10-11x+y+0.499196671225386z9+15415801.75629010.106899414699384x+y+0.591377748145064z9-5671750.242053320.250560639096163x+y+0.715839869949062z9-6824.82600867320.267836764427584x-y-0.29375433989396z9+6824.826007992030.267836764437262x+y+0.293754339867268z9+982379.4693751890.329792330460547x+y-0.998393240386254z9-982379.4694588070.329792330545524x-y+0.998393240338582z9-1215553.365132850.488205894752592x-y-0.921365232844725z9+1215553.36506890.488205894826941x+y+0.921365232811234z9+589843.5482718550.67395245442239x-y+0.998446601355671z9+968264.4003015960.702257599914497x-0.786872847989835y-z9-1158522.633414020.867442699517211x-0.500818274816218y-z9+1158522.632608170.867442699672619x+0.500818274840943y+z9-6947676.05706318x-0.619721382923902y+0.618725694711667z9-200186.245600638x-0.57735026918748y+0.534632351471496z9+7241456.38116333x-0.443103229271273y+0.643168848331481z9-5243069.58284678x-0.285490253090748y+0.722118164843785z9+6821.37392682709x-0.268061626751556y+0.293770853921731z9+1292140.98634919x-0.207960989785132y-0.968447332350232z9+3112667.81254989x-0.0695426730240845y+0.829962798239425z9-1292140.98737471x+0.20796098974824y+0.968447332170496z9+5243069.57971777x+0.285490253085343y-0.722118164997361z9+2603883.30817163x+0.577350269182815y-0.57642266519353z9+200186.245510888x+0.57735026918518y-0.534632351612168z9+380834.336903811x+0.96793336049731y-0.966378158133954z9-412.346899225847x+0.999790222637554y-0.401245079429082z9 P = 1.0 P-P1 = 0.695106665257518 dist(P,Δ) = 2.4519823671465·10-10±3.3·10-14